Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of grape juice. The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients. Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast which consume the sugars found in the grapes and convert them into alcohol. Various varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the types of wine produced.
The following red grape varietals are used in the production of red wine:
> Cabernet Sauvignon
> Barbera
> Carmenere
> Gamay
> Grenache/Garnacha
> Malbec
> Merlot
> Nebbiolo
> Pinot Noir
> Sangiovese
> Syrah/Shiraz
> Tempranillo
> Touriga Nacional
> Zinfandel